Lifespan

Reproduction and Its Types

Reproduction and Its Types II

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction II

Vegetative Propagation

Vegetative Propagation II

Sexual Reproduction : Common Features

Sexual Reproduction : Common Features II

Sexual Reproduction : Common Features III

Events in Sexual Reproduction: Pre-Fertilisation Events

Events in Sexual Reproduction: Pre-Fertilisation Events II

Human Male Reproductive System – Testes

Human Male Reproductive System – Accessory Sex Organs

Human Female Reproductive System – Ovaries

Human Female Reproductive System – Accessory Sex Organs

Mammary Glands

Gametogenesis – Spermatogenesis

Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis

Structure of a Sperm

Gametogenesis – Oogenesis

Menstrual Cycle

Structure of Ovum

Fertilisation

Cleavage and Implantation

Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies

Population Stabilisation and Birth Control

Natural Contraceptive Methods

Barrier Contraceptive Methods

Intra Uterine Devices, Oral Contraceptives, Injectables and Implants

Surgical Methods of Contraception

Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infertility

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Genetics and Gregor Johann Mendel

Important Terms Used in Genetics

Inheritance of One Gene

Test Cross

Principle of Dominance and Principle of Segregation

Incomplete Dominance

Explanation for Dominance

Co-dominance

Pleiotropy

Inheritance of Two Genes

Law of Independent Assortment

Rediscovery of Mendel’s Work

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Morgan and Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Linkage and Recombination

Linkage and Distance Between Linked Genes – I

Linkage and Distance Between Linked Genes – II

Genetic Mapping

Polygenic Inheritance

Sex Chromosomes

Structure of a Polynucleotide Chain

Structure of DNA

Packaging of DNA Helix

Transforming Principle

Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Properties of Genetic Material

RNA World

Meselson and Stahl Experiment

Mechanism of DNA Replication

Transcription – Introduction

Transcription Unit

Transcription Unit and The Gene

Types of RNA and Process of Transcription in Prokaryotes

Types of RNA and Process of Transcription in Eukaryotes

Genetic Code – I

Genetic Code – II

Mutations and Genetic Code

TRNA- The Adapter Molecule

Ribosomes

Origin of Universe and Earth

Theories of Origin of Life

Abiogenic Theory of Origin of Life

Origin of First Cellular Form of Life

Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory

Evidences of Evolution – Fossils

Embryological Evidences of Evolution

Comparative Morphology and Anatomy as Evidence of Evolution

Molecular Biology as Evidence of Evolution

Industrial Melanism as Evidence of Evolution

Evolution by Anthropogenic Action

Adaptive Radiation

Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – I

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – II

Mechanism of Evolution

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Factors Affecting the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Operation of Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits

A Brief Account of Evolution

Health

How to Maintain Good Health

Disease and Its Types

Some Diseases in Humans – Typhoid

Some Diseases in Humans -Pneumonia, Diphtheria, Plague, Dysentery

Some Diseases in Humans – Common Cold

Some Diseases in Humans – Malaria

Some Diseases in Humans – Amoebiasis

Some Diseases in Humans – Ascariasis

Some Diseases in Humans – Elephantiasis

Some Diseases in Humans – Ringworm

Immunity and Its Types

Physical Barriers of Innate Immunity

Physiological Barriers of Innate Immunity

Cellular Barriers of Innate Immunity

Cytokine Barriers of Innate Immunity

Humoral Immunity

Structure of An Antibody

Types of Antibodies

Cell-mediated Adaptive Immunity

Animal Husbandry

Dairy Farm Management

Poultry Farm Management

Animal Breeding

Inbreeding

Outbreeding

Types of Outbreeding

Controlled Breeding Experiments

Bee-keeping

Fisheries

Plant Breeding

Steps in Plant Breeding

High-Yielding Varieties of Some Crops

Conventional Method of Breeding for Disease Resistance

Mutation Breeding for Disease Resistance

Plant Breeding for Developing Resistance to Insect Pests

Plant Breeding for Improved Food Quality

Single Cell Protein

Tissue Culture

Somatic Hybridisation

Microbes in Household Products

Microbes in Industrial Products – Fermented Beverages

Microbes in Industrial Products – Antibiotics

Microbes in Industrial Products – Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules

Microbes in Sewage Treatment – Primary Treatment

Microbes in Sewage Treatment – Secondary Treatment

Microbes in Production of Biogas

Microbes as Biocontrol Agents

Bioprocess Engineering

Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering

Restriction enzymes

Competent host

Restriction enzymes

Amplification of gene of interest using PCR

Downstream Processing

Isolation of genetic material (DNA).

Obtaining the foreign gene product

Insect-Resistant Plants

Population attributes

Life History Variation

Major abiotic factors

Organisms and their environment

Parasitism

Population attributes

Population growth.

Population interactions.

Responses to abiotic factors.

Temperature as major abiotic factors

Carbon cycle.

Decomposition

Ecological pyramid

Ecological succession

Ecosystem- Structure and function.

Energy flow

Phosphorus cycle.

Succession of plants.

Ecological Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Over Exploitation

Importance of species diversity to the ecosystem

Loss of biodiversity

Patterns of biodiversity

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere